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APEC Project Database

Project Title

APEC Digital Identity Equivalency Mapping

Project Year

2025

Project Number

DESG_201_2025A

Project Session

Session 2

Project Type

Standard

Project Status

Project in Implementation

Project No.

DESG_201_2025A

Project Title

*
APEC Digital Identity Equivalency Mapping

Project Status

Project in Implementation

Fund Account

*
APEC Support Fund

Sub-fund

ASF: Digital Innovation

Project Year

2025

Project Session

*
Session 2

APEC Funding

91,300

Co-funding Amount

0

Total Project Value

91,300

Sponsoring Forum

*
Digital Economy Steering Group (DESG)

Topics

Digital Economy; Digital Technology and Innovation

Committee

Committee on Trade and Investment (CTI)

Other Fora Involved

Other Non-APEC Stakeholders Involved

 

Proposing Economy(ies)

New Zealand

Co-Sponsoring Economies

Australia; Papua New Guinea; Chinese Taipei; Thailand

Expected Start Date

01/02/2026

Expected Completion Date

31/12/2026

Project Proponent Name 1

Lucy Coghill

Job Title 1

Senior Policy Officer

Organization 1

Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade

Telephone 1

+64-021 123 7924

Email 1

Project Proponent Name 2

Tina Robilliard

Job Title 2

Principal Advisor

Organization 2

Department of Internal Affairs

Telephone 2

+64-4 495 7200

Email 2

Declaration

Lucy Coghill

Project Summary

APEC Economies are progressing domestic digital identity initiatives at different paces and in markedly diverse regulatory contexts. Understanding the degree of conceptual, technical and assurance-level alignment is essential for any future bilateral or multilateral recognition of DI credentials, which in turn underpins cross-border trade, travel and public-service access.


This project would commission a concise study to map equivalency across APEC economies and provide policy-ready insights for officials from all APEC economies.


The study will cover four domains:

1. Core digital identity concepts, definitions, and approaches in all participating APEC economies.

2. Stated Levels of Assurance (LoA) frameworks.

3. Trust Frameworks and approaches to regulation of digital identity services, including approaches to prevent misuse of digital identity.

4. Usage or endorsement of international technical standards, including identifying which:

  1. technical standards and international technical standards currently exist in the digital identity domain, including those outside of formal standards bodies like ISO;
  2. standards are being used by APEC member economies, and what guidance, direction or mandate has been made at an economy level to endorse/object to adoption of a standard.


The study will also consider how these work in practice through three use cases, such as:

1. In-person presentation (mobile driver licence).

2. “Know Your Customer” anti-money laundering compliance for online banking. 3.Delegated authority (e.g., parent presenting a child’s vaccination credential).

Relevance

Region

Problems Addressed

  1. Diverse and Unaligned Digital Identity Frameworks

APEC economies operate under differing legal, technical, and assurance frameworks for digital identity. This fragmentation prevents seamless cross-border recognition of identity credentials and inhibits interoperability for key services like banking, travel, and public administration.

  1. Lack of Equivalency Understanding Across Economies

Without a structured comparison of identity systems (including concepts, trust frameworks, and technical standards), economies struggle to assess how their systems align with or diverge from others in the region. This knowledge gap impedes coordination and trust.

  1. Challenges in Building Cross-Border Services

Businesses and governments face inefficiencies and duplicative verification processes when trying to operate across borders. This is especially burdensome for small and medium enterprises, mobile professionals, and cross-border digital platforms.

  1. Unclear Path for Bilateral or Multilateral Recognition

In the absence of a baseline equivalency map, economies lack the evidence needed to negotiate mutual recognition agreements or design scalable cross-border pilots. This results in policy inertia and missed opportunities for integration.

  1. Risks of Incompatible Future Investments

As economies invest in next-generation digital identity solutions (e.g., wallets, verifiable credentials), uncoordinated approaches could lead to systems that are secure and effective domestically but incompatible regionally or globally.


Sustained Benefits for Multiple APEC Economies 1.Improved Policy Coordination and Governance Insight

Economies will benefit from a shared reference for understanding and aligning on core digital identity principles, enabling better policy decisions and regulatory convergence. 2.Foundation for Interoperability Agreements

The output can inform or underpin formal agreements or pilot programs between economies seeking trusted cross-border recognition of digital IDs and credentials. 3.Reduced Costs for Cross-Border Service Enablement

Identifying alignment in assurance levels and technical standards helps reduce redundancy and cost for government and private-sector service providers operating across APEC borders.

4.Capacity Building Through Comparative Benchmarking

Less mature digital identity ecosystems gain access to models and frameworks from more established systems, accelerating capability development without prescribing a one-size-fits-all model.

5.Stronger Enabler for the Digital Economy

This work directly supports digital trade, online service delivery, and digital inclusion by helping economies move toward secure, trusted, and scalable digital identity systems that can interoperate over time.


Eligibility and Fund Priorities

The Digital Innovation Sub-Fund aims to support new and ongoing initiatives related to the growth of the digital economy. This project complies with the Digital Innovation Sub Fund because:

-The research and report will supporting capacity building needs for APEC developing economies by improving understanding of different approaches in the APEC region;

-as noted above the project aligns with the AIDER and specifically 3 of the key focus areas;

-plans for wide input from stakeholders from each economy, including through direct surveys and other feedback from APEC economies who wish to participate;

-builds and enables on work and projects in CTI and DESG on Digital Identity.


Capacity Building

This project will support capacity building across all developing APEC economies, by helping to clarify and demonstrate the convergence and divergence of digital identity approaches in the region. Developing APEC economies will benefit from increased understanding of different approaches which may inform a digital identity policy development.

Objectives

This project aims to map equivalency across participating APEC economies in digital identity frameworks, with a view to enabling trusted cross-border recognition of digital credentials. It will catalogue core concepts, trust frameworks, assurance levels, and technical standards in participating economies. Inspired by the recent G7 Mapping Exercise, it seeks to identify alignment and divergence that may impact interoperability.


The project will produce a cross-economy equivalency matrix and policy-ready insights to support future bilateral, regional or multilateral recognition. This initiative may inform, and complement, parallel APEC projects on digital identity by providing foundational analysis of identity framework compatibility across the region.

Alignment

APEC

The project aligns strongly with two of the drivers of the Putrajaya Vision 2040 and multiple actions under the Aotearoa Plan of Action. It will help the first driver (trade and investment), through promoting seamless connectivity, and physical, institutional and people to people connectivity. It will help the second driver, (Innovation and Digitalisation) by promoting adoption of new and emerging technologies, sharing best practice, promoting an open digital and innovation environment and accelerating digital transformation.


This project strongly aligns with multiple Key Focus Areas (KFAs) from APEC's Internet and Digital Economy Roadmap (AIDER):

KFA 2: Promoting Interoperability – through building the base knowledge of systems and approaches required to explore interoperability in particular use cases

KFA 4: Development of holistic government policy frameworks - By examining existing digital identity systems the report will help build policy understanding.

KFA 5: Promoting coherence and cooperation of regulatory approaches – Building understanding of digital identity systems will help promote regulatory cooperation while respecting each economies particular approach.


Forum

The Digital Economy Steering Group (DESG) aims to facilitate the development of the internet and digital economy and is tasked with proposing and undertaking work on digital economy issues and initiatives. DESG provides advice to senior officials annually on the implementation of the above mentioned AIDER with particular regard for each of the focus areas mentioned above. For these reasons the project is aligned to DESG’s objectives.

This project directly supports the Committee on Trade and Investment (CTI)’s work on its Trade Facilitation, Connectivity, Digitalization and Innovation priority areas by laying the groundwork for other work on digital identity in trade, and interoperability of systems and approaches. The project likewise covers a number of CTI’s objectives under the Aotearoa Plan of Action, particularly on accelerating digital transformation.

Beneficiaries and Outputs

Output


1) Report on Digital Identify Equivalency across APEC (APEC Publication)

his project will commission a minimum of 40 page (excluding annexes) report/study on Digital Identity Equivalency across APEC. All APEC economies will be invited to participate in the survey and will be eligible to be included in the report and equivalency mapping exercise. However if an economy does not participate in the survey, their inclusion in the report and the level of detail on their DI systems will be subject to readily available public information. At a minimum the report will include in depth detail on a range of APEC economies including economies adopting each broadly different approach/framework to digital identity, developed and developing economies, and those economies who are advanced in digital identity regulation as well as those who are just beginning.


The report will be based on:

a) desktop research and economy contributions covering each economies white papers, legislation, technical standards, public strategies; and other documents relating to digital identity;

b) a structured online survey of digital identity policy leads in APEC economies, leading to a cleaned survey dataset; and

c) further detailed research and analysis as required.


The study will cover four domains:

1. Core digital identity concepts, definitions, and approaches in all participating APEC economies.

2. Stated Levels of Assurance (LoA) frameworks.

3. Trust Frameworks and approaches to regulation of digital identity services, services including approaches to prevent misuse of digital identity.

4. Usage or endorsement of international technical standards, 1. including identifying which:

?technical standards and international technical standards currently exist in the digital identity domain, including those outside of formal standards bodies like ISO;

?standards are being used by APEC member economies, and what guidance, direction or mandate has been made at an economy level to endorse/object to adoption of a standard.


The study will also consider how these work in practice through three use- cases, such as:

1. In-person presentation (mobile driver licence).

2. “Know Your Customer” anti-money laundering compliance for online banking.

3. Delegated authority (e.g., parent presenting a child’s vaccination credential).

4. Privacy preserving online age assurance.


The study will include an equivalency matrix cross tabulating key elements of DI approach by participating economy identifying convergences, gaps and blockers.


Extensive feedback will be sought on the draft report including offering one on one meetings with those economies that wish to go through the findings in detail.


2) Virtual Presentation on Research Findings

The project will also commission a 3 hour virtual presentation/webinar, for the contractor to present on the findings of their research and analysis to interested officials from each economy. The presentation will be held after endorsement of the draft report but before publication. Details on the target audience are covered in "12.Linkages" and it is expected there will be up to 50 participants (2 from each Economy plus ABAC, PECC).


Outcome

1) Increased knowledge of the convergences and divergences between APEC economies approach to digital identity.


2) Policy ready insights:

The report will not proscribe changes in policy within member economies; however it will provide policy ready insights which can be picked up by economies wishing to explore:

- Adopting or changing digital identity models, frameworks and systems;

- Interoperability agreements with other APEC economies, including in specific use cases.


3) Enabling (short to medium term):

- APEC projects on digital identity by providing foundational analysis of identity framework compatibility across the region;

- further research and reports outlining recommendations for increased interoperability of digital identity systems amongst APEC economies, regionally and globally;

- further research into specific use cases building on the foundational level research in the report.


4) Informing (medium to long term) bilateral, plurilateral or regional:

-pilot trials;

-interoperability agreements in respect of specific use cases;and

-interoperability agreements at the framework level.


Beneficiaries

This project will primarily benefit officials in APEC economies looking into Digital Identity systems, approaches or particular use cases, or wishing to start exploring interoperability of different Digital Identity systems.


The project participants will assist in collecting the raw inputs for the desktop research and in responding to the survey. These participants will primarily come from government departments responsible for implementing digital identity frameworks, as well as specific ministries, who may be responsible for specific use cases. In some economies private sector organisations may be nominated as being responsible for implementation of DI in specific use cases (i.e know your customer), and therefore these private sector organisations may also help to provide the research and survey inputs.


The report will be targeted at these same participants, particularly those who are responsible for the future policy direction of digital identity models and frameworks in each economy.


Indirect beneficiaries are individuals, businesses and organizations that use and benefit from digital identity systems across the APEC region, especially those engaged in international business and travel.

Dissemination

This project will commission a minimum of 40 page report (excluding annexes) on Digital Identity Equivalency across APEC to be published on the APEC website as an APEC branded publication.


Once published the report will be shared on economy ministry websites as desired (including a New Zealand website).


New Zealand will organise an online webinar/presentation and arrange for the contractor to present on their report to interested officials from each economy.


The report and presentation will be targeted at government departments responsible for implementing digital identity frameworks, as well as specific ministries, or private sector groups who may be responsible for specific use cases, particularly those who are responsible for the future policy direction of digital identity models and frameworks in each economy.

Gender

Please see Project Proposal in Supporting Documents folder.

Work Plan

Please see Project Proposal in Supporting Documents folder.

Risks

Please see Project Proposal in Supporting Documents folder.

Monitoring and Evaluation

Please see Project Proposal in Supporting Documents folder.

Linkages

All relevant working groups will be invited to join the presentation on the results of the report including TELWG, CTI, BMG, HWG, TPTWG, TWG, SCSC given the broad number of sectoral use cases for digital identity and therefore interest in different economies overall frameworks and approaches (though the specific sectoral use cases themselves would not necessarily be covered in the report and presentation). Interested international organizations like the OECD and World Bank will also be invited to participate.


ABAC and PECC will be notified of the report and invited to the presentation. The project builds on ABAC’s report which included a number of recommendations for Digital Identity systems across APEC.


This project also builds on a range of existing and proposed projects on Digital Identity in APEC, including China’s project in CTI “FTAAP Work Program: Digital Identity system for entities CTI 204 2023A. It will be run concurrently with Chinese Taipei’s project “Discovering Cross-Border Government Credential Interoperability: Privacy-Enhanced Multi-Economy Workshop Initiative”. We will stay closely in touch with Project Overseers from Chinese Taipei, ensuring that our projects are complementary (NZ’s project is broad-ranging and general focused on frameworks and legislation; Chinese Taipei’s project is more specific, focused on particular use cases and privacy considerations).


APEC is the best source of funds for this project given the research/reports connection with possible regional interoperability for digital identity systems, capacity buildings and policy alignment. Digital identity alignment and interoperability within the APEC region also aligns with the Putrajaya Vision and Aotearoa Plan of Action, digital innovation drivers.

Sustainability

This project contributes to DESG’s implementation of the APEC Internet and Digital Economy Roadmap (AIDER) and several of its pillars as outlined above.


As a report based project, the sustainability of the project depends on the effectiveness of the report, and its policy ready insights. The report will be shared with DESG and it will be requested that it be shared with other relevant officials. The reports findings will also be explained in a presentation, and will be published on the APEC website. Economies will also be encouraged to post the report on their relevant websites.

Direct Labour

Please see Project Proposal in Supporting Documents folder.

Are there any supporting document attached?

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Project No.
Project Title
Project Status
Fund Account
Sub-fund
Project Year
Project Session
APEC Funding
Co-funding Amount
Total Project Value
Sponsoring Forum
Topics
Committee
Other Fora Involved
Other Non-APEC Stakeholders Involved
Proposing Economy(ies)
Co-Sponsoring Economies
Expected Start Date
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Project Proponent Name 1
Job Title 1
Organization 1
Telephone 1
Email 1
Project Proponent Name 2
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Organization 2
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Declaration
Project Summary
Relevance
Objectives
Alignment
Beneficiaries and Outputs
Dissemination
Gender
Work Plan
Risks
Monitoring and Evaluation
Linkages
Sustainability
Direct Labour
Are there any supporting document attached?
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